Abaguquli beqela elikhulu labaguquli abamileyo, ababandakanya uninzi lwanamhlanje's izixhobo ezikwaziyo uku“guqula”iiparamitha zombane kwigalelo, ezifana ne-voltage kunye ne-frequency, ukwenzela ukuvelisa imveliso ehambelana neemfuno zomthwalo.

Ngokubanzi, ii-inverters zizixhobo ezikwaziyo ukuguqula ngoku ngokuthe ngqo kwi-alternating yangoku kwaye zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-application automation yemizi-mveliso kunye needrive zombane.Uyilo kunye noyilo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-inverter zitshintsha ngokwesicelo ngasinye, nokuba ingundoqo yenjongo yabo ephambili iyafana (ukuguqulwa kwe-DC ukuya kwi-AC).

1.I-Standalone kunye ne-Grid-Connected Inverters

Ii-inverters ezisetyenziswe kwizicelo ze-photovoltaic ngokwembali zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili:

:Ii-inverters ezizimeleyo

:Ii-inverters eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi

Ii-inverters ezizimeleyo zezo zicelo apho isityalo se-PV singaxhunywanga kwinethiwekhi enkulu yokusabalalisa amandla.I-inverter iyakwazi ukubonelela amandla ombane kwimithwalo edibeneyo, iqinisekisa ukuzinza kweeparamitha eziphambili zombane (i-voltage kunye ne-frequency).Oku kuzigcina ngaphakathi kwemida echazwe kwangaphambili, zikwazi ukumelana neemeko zokugcwala okwethutyana.Kule meko, i-inverter idityaniswa nenkqubo yokugcina ibhetri ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunikezelwa kwamandla okungaguqukiyo.

Ii-inverters eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, kwelinye icala, ziyakwazi ukulungelelanisa kunye negridi yombane eziqhagamshelwe kuyo ngenxa yokuba, kule meko, i-voltage kunye ne-frequency.“ebekiwe”ngegridi engundoqo.Ezi ziguquli kufuneka zikwazi ukuqhawula ukuba igridi engundoqo iyasilela ukwenzela ukuba kuthintelwe naluphi na unikezelo olungaguqukiyo lwegridi ephambili, enokubonisa ingozi enkulu.

Umzobo 1 - Umzekelo we-Standalone system kunye ne-Grid-connected system.Umfanekiso ngoncedo lweBible.

2.Yintoni indima yeBus Capacitor

Injongo ye-inverter kukuguqula amandla ombane we-DC waveform ibe luphawu lwe-AC ukuze kufakwe amandla kumthwalo (umz. igridi yamandla) kwifrikhwensi enikiweyo kunye ne-engile yesigaba esincinci (φ ≈0).Isekethe eyenziwe lula yesigaba esinye se-unipolar Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) ibonisiwe kwiFigure2 (isikimu esiqhelekileyo esifanayo sinokwandiswa kwinkqubo yesigaba sesithathu).Kwesi sicwangciso, inkqubo ye-PV, esebenza njengomthombo wombane we-DC enomthombo othile wokuthomalalisa, ibunjwe ibe ngumqondiso we-AC ngokusebenzisa izitshixo ezine ze-IGBT ngokunxuseneyo ne-freewheeling diode.Olu tshintsho lulawulwa esangweni ngomqondiso we-PWM, ngokuqhelekileyo imveliso ye-IC ethelekisa i-carrier wave (ngokuqhelekileyo i-sine wave ye-frequency efunekayo yokuphuma) kunye ne-reference wave kwi-frequency ephezulu kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-triangle wave. kwi-5-20kHz).Isiphumo se-IGBT sibunjwe kwisignali ye-AC efanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa okanye inaliti yegridi ngokusetyenziswa kwee-toplogies ezahlukeneyo ze-LC filters.

Fumana iQuote

Umzobo 2: I-Pulsed Width Modulation (PWM) isigaba esisodwaukuseta inverter.Iiswitshi ze-IGBT, kunye ne-LC yokucoca imveliso, ibumba isiginali yegalelo le-DC ibe ngumqondiso osebenzisekayo we-AC.Oku kubangela ukuba aI-voltage ripple ecimayo kwiitheminali zePV.Ibhasii-capacitor isayizi ukwenzela ukunciphisa le ripple.

Ukusebenza kwee-IGBT kwazisa i-ripple voltage kwi-terminal ye-PV array.Le ripple iyacima ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo ye-PV, ekubeni i-voltage yegama elisetyenzisiweyo kwiitheminali kufuneka ibanjwe kwindawo enkulu yamandla (MPP) ye-IV curve ukwenzela ukukhupha amandla amaninzi.I-voltage ripple kwi-terminal ye-PV iya kujikeleza amandla akhutshwe kwisistim, okukhokelela ekubeni

umndilili ophantsi wokukhutshwa kwamandla (Umfanekiso 3).I-capacitor yongezwa ebhasini ukuze kugudiswe i-voltage ripple.

Umzobo 3: I-voltage ripple eye yaziswa kwii-terminals ze-PV yi-PWM inverter scheme itshintsha i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo ukusuka kwindawo enkulu yamandla (MPP) yoluhlu lwe-PV.Oku kwazisa i-ripple kwimveliso yamandla yoluhlu ukuze umndilili wemveliso ube ngaphantsi kwe MPP yesiqhelo.

I-amplitude (incochoyi ukuya kwincochoyi) ye-voltage ripple imiselwa ngokutshintsha rhoqo, i-PV voltage, i-bus capacitance, kunye ne-filter inductance ngoku:

apho:

I-VPV yiphaneli yelanga yombane ye-DC,

I-Cbus bubuchule be-capacitor yebhasi,

L kukwenziwa kwee-inductors zokucoca,

I-fPWM kukutshintsha rhoqo.

I-equation (1) isebenza kwi-capacitor efanelekileyo evimbela ukuba intlawulo ihambe nge-capacitor ngexesha lokutshaja kwaye ikhuphe amandla abekwe kwindawo yombane ngaphandle kokuchasana.Enyanisweni, akukho capacitor ifanelekileyo (Umfanekiso 4) kodwa iqulethwe ngezinto ezininzi.Ukongeza kwi-capacitance efanelekileyo, i-dielectric ayixhathisi ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ukuvuza okuncinci kwangoku kuhamba ukusuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode kunye ne-finite shunt resistance (Rsh), ukudlula i-dielectric capacitance (C).Xa ikhoyo ngoku nge-capacitor ihamba, izikhonkwane, iifoyile, kunye ne-dielectric aziqhubeki ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye kukho ukuchasana kwechungechunge olulinganayo (ESR) kwi-series kunye ne-capacitance.Ekugqibeleni, i-capacitor igcina amandla athile kwintsimi yamagnetic, ngoko kukho i-series series inductance (ESL) ngokulandelelana kunye ne-capacitance kunye ne-ESR.

Umzobo 4: Isekethe elinganayo ye-generic capacitor.I-capacitor yiiqulunqwe ngezinto ezininzi ezingezizo, kubandakanywa i-dielectric capacitance (C), i-shunt engapheliyo yokumelana ne-dielectric edlula i-capacitor, i-series resistance (ESR), kunye ne-series inductance (ESL).

Nakwicandelo elibonakala lilula njenge-capacitor, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokungaphumeleli okanye zithobe.Nganye kwezi zinto zinokuchaphazela ukuziphatha kwe-inverter, zombini kumacala e-AC kunye ne-DC.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotywa kwempembelelo yamacandelo e-capacitor engafanelekanga kwi-ripple ye-voltage efakwe kwii-terminals ze-PV, i-PWM unipolar H-bridge inverter (Figure 2) yenziwe kusetyenziswa i-SPICE.I-capacitors yokucoca kunye ne-inductors ibanjwe kwi-250µF kunye ne-20mH, ngokulandelelanayo.Iimodeli ze-SPICE ze-IGBT zithathwe kumsebenzi kaPetrie et al.Isignali ye-PWM, elawula ukutshintshwa kwe-IGBT, inqunywe ngumqhathanisi kunye ne-inverting comparator circuit for the high and low-side IGBT switches, ngokulandelanayo.Igalelo lolawulo lwe-PWM yi-9.5V, i-60Hz i-sine carrier wave kunye ne-10V, i-10kHz ye-triangular wave.