Ithetha ukuthini i-absorption coefficient yee-capacitors zefilimu? Ngaba incinci, kokukhona ingcono?

Ngaphambi kokuba siqalise nge-absorption coefficient yee-capacitors zefilimu, makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni i-dielectric, i-polarization ye-dielectric kunye ne-absorption phenomenon ye-capacitor.

I-Dielectric

I-dielectric yinto engeyiyo i-conductive, oko kukuthi, i-insulator, engenalo itshaja yangaphakathi enokuhamba. Ukuba i-dielectric ibekwe kwintsimi ye-electrostatic, ii-electron kunye neenuclei zee-athomu ze-dielectric zenza "ukuhamba okuncinci" ngaphakathi koluhlu lwee-athomu phantsi kwesenzo samandla ombane, kodwa kungekhona "intshukumo enkulu" kude ne-athomu ezikuyo, njengee-electron ezikhululekileyo kwi-conductor. Xa kufikelelwa kukulingana kwe-electrostatic, amandla omhlaba ngaphakathi kwe-dielectric ayisiyi-zero. Lo ngumahluko ophambili phakathi kweempawu zombane ze-dielectric kunye nee-conductor.

Ukwahlulahlula nge-dielectric

Phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane esetyenzisiweyo, umzuzu we-dipole we-macroscopic uvela ngaphakathi kwe-dielectric kwicala lentsimi yombane, kwaye kuvela itshaja ebotshelelweyo kumphezulu we-dielectric, okuyi-polarization ye-dielectric.

Ingxaki yokufunxa

isiganeko sokulibaziseka kwexesha kwinkqubo yokutshaja nokukhupha i-capacitor ebangelwa kukuqhekeka kancinci kwe-dielectric phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane esetyenzisiweyo. Ingqiqo eqhelekileyo kukuba i-capacitor kufuneka itshajwe ngokupheleleyo ngoko nangoko, kodwa ayizaliswa ngoko nangoko; i-capacitor kufuneka ikhulule itshaji ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ayikhululwa, kwaye isiganeko sokulibaziseka kwexesha siyenzeka.

I-coefficient yokufunxa ye-capacitor yefilimu

Ixabiso elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza isiganeko sokufunxwa kwe-dielectric yee-capacitors zefilimu libizwa ngokuba yi-absorption coefficient, kwaye libhekiswa yi-Ka. Isiphumo sokufunxwa kwe-dielectric yee-capacitors zefilimu simisela iimpawu eziphantsi ze-capacitors, kwaye ixabiso le-Ka liyahluka kakhulu kwii-capacitors ezahlukeneyo ze-dielectric. Iziphumo zokulinganisa ziyahluka kwixesha lovavanyo olwahlukeneyo lwe-capacitor efanayo; ixabiso le-Ka liyahluka nakwii-capacitors zeenkcukacha ezifanayo, abavelisi abahlukeneyo, kunye neebhetshi ezahlukeneyo.

Ngoko ke kukho imibuzo emibini ngoku-

Umbuzo 1. Ingaba i-absorption coefficient yee-capacitors zefilimu incinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka?

Umbuzo 2. Zithini iziphumo ezimbi ze-absorption coefficient enkulu?

A1:

Phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane esetyenzisiweyo: i-Ka encinci (i-coefficient encinci yokufunxa) → kokukhona i-polarization ye-dielectric (oko kukuthi i-insulator) ibuthathaka → kokukhona amandla okubopha kumphezulu we-dielectric esezantsi → kokukhona amandla okubopha e-dielectric ekutsaleni kwetshaja → kokukhona i-absorption ye-capacitor ibuthathaka i-capacitor itshaja kwaye ikhupha ngokukhawuleza. Imeko efanelekileyo: I-Ka yi-0, oko kukuthi i-absorption coefficient yi-0, i-dielectric (oko kukuthi i-insulator) ayinayo i-polarization phenomenon phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane esetyenzisiweyo, umphezulu we-dielectric awunawo amandla okubopha ekutshajeni, kwaye impendulo ye-capacitor kunye ne-discharge ayina-hysteresis. Ke ngoko, i-absorption coefficient ye-film capacitor incinci kokukhona ingcono.

A2:

Isiphumo se-capacitor enexabiso elikhulu kakhulu le-Ka kwiisekethe ezahlukeneyo sizibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

1) Iisekethe ezahlukeneyo ziba ziisekethe ezidibeneyo

2) Isekethe ye-Sawtooth ivelisa ukubuya okuphezulu kwegagasi le-sawtooth, kwaye ngaloo ndlela isekethe ayinakubuyela ngokukhawuleza

3) Izithinteli, ii-clamps, ukuphambuka okuncinci kwe-pulse output waveform distortion

4) Ixesha elingaguqukiyo lesihluzi sokuthambisa esisebenza ngesantya esiphezulu liba likhulu

(5) I-DC amplifier inqaku elingenanto liphazamisekile, ukushukuma kwendlela enye

6） Ukuchaneka kwesekethe yokuthatha iisampulu kunye nokubamba kuncipha

7) Ukutsalwa kwendawo yokusebenza ye-DC ye-amplifier ethe tye

8) Ukwanda kwe-ripple kwisekethe yombane

Konke oku kungentla kusebenza kwesiphumo sokufunxwa kwe-dielectric akwahlulwa kwisiseko se-"inertia" ye-capacitor, oko kukuthi, ngexesha elithile ukutshaja akuhlawuliswa kwixabiso elilindelekileyo, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo nokukhupha kukwanjalo.

Ukumelana nobushushu (okanye umsinga wokuvuza) we-capacitor enexabiso elikhulu le-Ka kwahlukile kowe-capacitor efanelekileyo (Ka=0) kuba iyanda ngokuhamba kwexesha elide lovavanyo (umsinga wokuvuza uyancipha). Ixesha lovavanyo lwangoku elichazwe eTshayina ngumzuzu omnye.